Project Planning, Control & Image Acquisition
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
The first step: creating preliminary project boundary based on client's needs. We'll investigate all possible data sources
(from public to our internal collection of imagery), determining what data needs to be acquired.
Build Photo Layout & Flight Plan
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
Flight plans are created to cover the project area and estimates given. A lot of variation is involved to produce the intended results.
PID Points
Consulting, Consider Data Sources
PID Points
If photos are preexisting, PID (photo ID points) must be picked - which can be both seen from the photos... and measured accurately on the ground.
Set Panels
Authorize Flight
PID Points
If no imagery yet exists, the option to lay ground panels is available (typically needed in more undeveloped areas).
GPS Control
Authorize Flight
Authorize Flight
PIDs and/or panels are visited with high accuracy (mapping grade) GPS equipment, where coordinates are recorded.
Authorize Flight
Authorize Flight
Authorize Flight
Aerial photography is now ordered to our exact specifications and inspected.
Photogrammetry & CAD
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Specialized technicians known as Photogrammetrists "bridge", or connect the photos together, via picking and measuring common points.
Pass & Tie Points
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Pass points link images within the same flight line together, whereas tie points join different flight lines (if multiple lines were needed).
Incorporating Control
Analytical Triangulation (AT)
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Control data acquired with GPS is added to the "solution", effectively pinning down the imagery to known ground points. The result: a geographically aware mesh of overlapping imagery, the main ingredient for the next step.
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Using highly specialized workstations, vector data (points, lines & polygons) are drawn on top of imagery in 3D which represent ground features (buildings, roads, utilities, vegetation, etc.). This data is referred to as planimetrics.
Data Compilation - DTM
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Data Compilation - DTM
To create an elevation file, more 3D data (mass points & breaklines) are drawn, which represent detailed ground characteristics (ridges, ditches, mounds, pits, etc.).
Editing/Delivery
Data Compilation - Planimetrics
Data Compilation - DTM
Data from the stereo-models are combined, revisions made, and final planimetric and/or topographic product produced.
(This is where quality control and format conversions take place).
Orthomosaic Production
Assembling Data Needed
Converting Elevation Files
Converting Elevation Files
Project boundary, images and elevation files (breaklines, mass points, LiDAR, gridded DTM, etc.) are gathered.
Converting Elevation Files
Converting Elevation Files
Converting Elevation Files
Elevation files are adjusted as needed, specifically for purpose of producing an accurate ortho.
Lighting Adjustments
Converting Elevation Files
Lighting Adjustments
Previously triangulated and controlled imagery is dodged and color balanced if needed.
Rectification
Rectification
Lighting Adjustments
Images are warped with the elevation data, effectively draping the image over the 3D digital model.
Seamlining
Rectification
Final Mosaic
Stiching the clipped images together and the final product to the project boundary. Graphics editing is final step.
Final Mosaic
Rectification
Final Mosaic
The final product is commonly a georeferenced raster file, or a large-scale plot.
Data Conversions & Digital Maps
Elevation File Types
Elevation File Types
Elevation File Types
LiDAR point clouds, TINs (Triangulated Irregular Network), breaklines, topo/relief maps, contours, DEM and DTM grids
Vector Formats
Elevation File Types
Elevation File Types
DGN, DXF, DWG, Shapefile, Geodatabase, Excel spreadsheet, etc.
Raster Formats
Elevation File Types
Raster Formats
GEOTIFF, SID, ECW, JPG
Utility Maps
Residential Lot Mapping
Raster Formats
Water, Storm Water, Sewer, Electric, Gas, Cable, Fiber Optic, etc.
Proximity Maps
Residential Lot Mapping
Residential Lot Mapping
High quality maps of any subject/zoom level
Residential Lot Mapping
Residential Lot Mapping
Residential Lot Mapping
Residential land development maps track progress in any chosen metric